Which law creates rights and duties?

Which law creates rights and duties?

• A. Procedural law
• B. Substantive law
• C. Bench trial
• D. Jurisdiction

Answer: (B)

Substantive law is the part that defines rights and duties. It explains what actions are legally right or wrong and what obligations flow from them—for example, a contract creates a right to payment and a duty to perform, while tort law establishes a duty not to cause harm and a right to damages when that duty is breached. Procedural law, on the other hand, governs how those rights are enforced—the steps to file a case, the rules of evidence, and the procedures courts use—without changing the underlying rights themselves. A bench trial is simply a trial conducted by a judge, not a type of law. Jurisdiction concerns a court’s authority to hear a case, not the creation of rights and duties. So the correct concept is substantive law, because that is what creates rights and duties.

Substantive law is the part that defines rights and duties. It explains what actions are legally right or wrong and what obligations flow from them—for example, a contract creates a right to payment and a duty to perform, while tort law establishes a duty not to cause harm and a right to damages when that duty is breached. Procedural law, on the other hand, governs how those rights are enforced—the steps to file a case, the rules of evidence, and the procedures courts use—without changing the underlying rights themselves. A bench trial is simply a trial conducted by a judge, not a type of law. Jurisdiction concerns a court’s authority to hear a case, not the creation of rights and duties. So the correct concept is substantive law, because that is what creates rights and duties.